Foundations of Individual Behaviour
This chapter consists of key characteristics that differentiate people from one another in organizations. Firstly, investigating the psychological nature of individuals in organizations. Moreover, also looking at elements of people’s personalities that can influence behavior and consider individual attitudes and their role in organizations
Individual differences are personal attributes that vary from one person to another. Individual differences may be physical, psychological, and emotional. Basic categories of individual differences include personality, attitudes perception, and creativity. Are the specific differences that characterize a given person good or bad Do they contribute to or detract from performance
PEOPLE IN ORGANIZATIONS Understanding the individual organization relation
Understanding the individual–organization relationship helps us appreciate the nature of individual differences. As OB identifies human behavior in a working environment, certain individual characteristics are responsible for the way a person behaves in daily life situations. These traits are: Ability, Attitude and Learning. These three foundations contributes to the job performance of individuals as well as how employees attitude affects the workplace, how people learn behavior and what management can do to shape those behaviors
ABILITY
Ability refers to an individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. Managers are less interested in whether people differ in terms of their abilities and more interested in knowing people differ in abilitis and using that knowledge to increase the likelihood that an employee will perform his or her job well. how Ability and Job Fit: Employee performance is enhanced when an employee and position are well matched. If we focus only on the employees abilities or the ability requirements of the job, we ignore the fact that employee performance depends on the interaction of the two
LEARNING
Learning is another important psychological process determining human behaviour. Learning can be defined as relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience or reinforced practice.There important points of learning are: 1. Learning involves a change in behaviour. Learning generally has the connotation of improved behaviour, but bad habits prejudices, stereotypes, and work restrictions are also learned. 2. The practice or experience must be reinforced in order for learning to occur.
ATTITUDE AND JOB SATISFACTION
Attitudes are evaluative statements that are either favourable or unfavourable an individuals point of view or an individual’s way of looking at something. It comprises of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations or other people components of Attitude: Attitudes have three components namely: Affective component, Cognitive component and Intentional component. Affective Component How we feel toward the Situation Intentional Component.How we intend to behave toward the situation Cognitive Component.Why we feel that way
What Are Major Job Attitudes
Work Related Attitudes People in an organisation form attitudes about many things about their salary promotion possibilities benefits ethics etc.
Attitude Formation and Change
ndividual attitudes form over time as a result of repeated personal experiences with ideas, situations or people. Attitudes that are specific and learned are important way to understand individual behaviour in organisations. An attitude may change as a result of new information. A manager may have a negative attitude about a new employee because of his lack of job related experience. After working with the new person the manager may realise that he is actually very talented and subsequently may develop a more positive attitude towards him.
Job Satisfaction
Attitudes of both workers and management react to each other and determine mutual relationships. Attitudes, that is understanding or learning why employees feel and act the way they do helps supervisors in winning cooperation from them, so very essential for the efficient working of an organisation. From a personal perspective attitudes provide knowledge base or prepare our mental state, for our interaction with others, and with world around us, which directly affects organisational behaviour, and in turn organisational working.
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